The clock signal is used to synchronize the operations of digital circuits, ensuring that all components such as flip–flops, counters, and registers change states at the correct time intervals.
What is propagation delay in digital circuits?
A Time to execute instructions
B Time to power up
C Time for data transmission
D Time for a signal to pass through a gate
Propagation delay refers to the time it takes for a signal to travel from the input to the output of a gate or circuit. This delay can limit the speed of digital systems, particularly in high–frequency applications.
Which of the following is a characteristic of RAM?
A Volatile
B Stores firmware
C Permanent storage
D Non–volatile
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it loses all stored data when the power is turned off. It is used for temporary storage of data that the CPU needs to access quickly during processing.
What does a D flip–flop store?
A Address
B Instructions
C Data
D Power
A D flip–flop is a type of sequential circuit that stores one bit of data. It captures the input data (D) on the clock edge and holds it until the next clock signal, used for memory and synchronization.
Which type of memory is non–volatile?
A Cache
B ROM
C RAM
D Register
ROM (Read–Only Memory) is non–volatile, meaning it retains data even when the power is turned off. It is typically used to store firmware and permanent instructions that do not change during normal operation.
What is the primary function of a microprocessor?
A Perform arithmetic operations
B Store data
C Control external devices
D Filter signals
A microprocessor is the central unit in a digital system that performs arithmetic operations, executes instructions, and controls the flow of data between different components of the system, such as memory and input/output devices.
Which of the following is true about analog–to–digital conversion?
A It converts analog signals to digital
B It converts digital signals to analog
C It amplifies signals
D It stores signals
An analog–to–digital converter (ADC) converts continuous analog signals, such as voltage, into a discrete digital format that can be processed by digital systems like microcontrollers and computers.
What is the function of a digital filter?
A Perform calculations
B Increase signal strength
C Remove unwanted noise
D Convert analog to digital
A digital filter visually represents the relationship between different signals over time. It is commonly used to show the behavior of a system, including the timing of clock pulses, state changes, and signal transitions.
What is the primary purpose of FPGA in digital electronics?
A Convert signals
B Implement custom logic circuits
C Perform calculations
D Store large amounts of data
FPGA (Field–Programmable Gate Array) is a reconfigurable device used to implement custom digital logic circuits. It can be programmed to perform specific tasks, making it ideal for prototyping and specialized applications in digital systems.
What is Verilog used for in digital electronics?
A Store data
B Perform arithmetic operations
C Program microcontrollers
D Describe digital circuits
Verilog is a hardware description language used to model and simulate the behavior and structure of digital circuits. It is commonly used for FPGA and ASIC design to define the logic and operation of circuits.
What is a primary advantage of using hardware description languages (HDL) like VHDL and Verilog?
A Accurate hardware modeling
B Simpler design process
C Faster simulation
D Higher performance
HDLs like VHDL and Verilog enable engineers to create precise and accurate models of digital hardware. These languages provide a way to simulate and verify circuits before physical implementation, reducing design errors and improving efficiency.
Which of the following describes the function of an FPGA’s lookup table (LUT)?
A Store data
B Generate clock signals
C Convert signals
D Perform logic functions
A lookup table (LUT) in an FPGA is used to implement logic functions. It maps input values to corresponding output values, enabling the FPGA to perform complex logic operations efficiently in digital systems.
What does timing analysis help verify in digital circuits?
A Instruction set architecture
B Power consumption
C Signal delays and synchronization
D Data storage capacity
Timing analysis ensures that signals propagate correctly through the circuit, respecting setup and hold times. It verifies that all components, like flip–flops and registers, work together synchronously to avoid timing errors.
What does a latch do in a digital system?
A Store data
B Perform arithmetic
C Convert digital to analog
D Route signals
A latch is a level–sensitive memory element used to store one bit of data. It is commonly used in situations where data needs to be stored temporarily, depending on the enable signal. Unlike flip–flops, latches do not require clock signals.
Which of the following is used to test the functionality of a digital circuit?
A Logic analyzer
B Oscilloscope
C Power supply
D Transistor
A logic analyzer is used to capture and analyze the timing of signals in a digital circuit. It helps verify whether a circuit behaves as expected by displaying the state of various signals over time, aiding in troubleshooting and verification.