What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the binary number 11111111?
A FF
B F0
C 0F
D 00
Grouping binary digits into two 4-bit groups: 1111=F and 1111=F, so the hexadecimal equivalent is FF.
What is the function of a latch in digital circuits?
A Perform arithmetic operations
B Store a single bit of data
C Generate clock signals
D Simplify Boolean expressions
A latch is a memory device used to store one bit of data in digital circuits.
What is the difference between SRAM and DRAM?
A SRAM is faster and more expensive than DRAM
B DRAM is faster and more expensive than SRAM
C Both are non-volatile memories
D SRAM requires refreshing, while DRAM does not
SRAM does not require refreshing and is faster than DRAM, but it is more expensive and uses more power.
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 101110111011?
A 10
B 11
C 12
D 13
Binary 101110111011 equals 8+2+1=11 in decimal.
Which memory is used to store the bootloader program of a computer?
A RAM
B ROM
C Cache Memory
D SRAM
ROM stores the bootloader program, which is used to initialize the computer during startup.
What is the purpose of hold time in sequential circuits?
A Time for which the clock must remain stable
B Time for which the input must remain stable after the clock edge
C Time required to reset the circuit
D Time required for propagation delay
Hold time ensures that data is stable long enough after a clock edge for the sequential circuit to function correctly.
Which Boolean expression represents an AND gate?
A A+B
B AB
C A+B′
D A′B
The AND gate outputs a high (1) only when both inputs are high, represented by AB.
What is the binary representation of decimal 100?
A 1100100
B 1010100
C 1110000
D 1000000
Decimal 100 is represented in binary as 1100100, calculated as 64+32+4.
What is the output of a NOT gate when the input is 1?
A 0
B 1
C Undefined
D Depends on the input
A NOT gate inverts the input. When the input is 1, the output is 0.
What is the binary addition result of 110+101?
A 1011
B 1001
C 1111
D 1101
Perform binary addition step by step:
110 + 101 = 1011.
Which Boolean algebra property states A+A=AA + A = AA+A=A?
A Commutative Law
B Associative Law
C Idempotent Law
D Distributive Law
The Idempotent Law in Boolean algebra states that combining a variable with itself using OR (or AND) results in the same variable.
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 25?
A 11101
B 11001
C 10011
D 10101
The binary representation of 25 is 11001, calculated as 16+8+1.
What is the primary function of ROM in a digital system?
A Store data temporarily
B Store data permanently
C Perform logical operations
D Control clock signals
ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores data permanently and is non-volatile, retaining data even when power is turned off.
Which device converts digital signals to analog signals?
A ADC
B DAC
C ROM
D RAM
A Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) converts digital binary data into continuous analog signals.
What is the primary function of a latch in digital electronics?
A Store a single bit of data
B Perform arithmetic operations
C Decode binary data
D Generate clock pulses
A latch is a basic memory device that stores one bit of data and maintains its state until triggered to change.
Which Boolean expression simplifies A+A′BA + A’BA+A′B?
A BBB
B AAA
C A+BA + BA+B
D A′A’A′
Using the Consensus Theorem, A+A′BA + A’BA+A′B simplifies to A+BA + BA+B.
How many cells does a 3-variable Karnaugh map have?
A 4
B 6
C 8
D 16
A 3-variable K-map has 2³ = 8 cells, representing all possible combinations of the three variables.
What is the role of a clock signal in sequential circuits?
A Amplify signals
B Synchronize operations
C Perform arithmetic operations
D Decode binary inputs
The clock signal ensures that sequential circuit operations occur at precise intervals and remain synchronized.
What does the term “hold time” refer to in digital circuits?
A Time required for a clock pulse
B Time the input must remain stable after the clock edge
C Time for a signal to propagate through a gate
D Time to store data in memory
Hold time is the minimum time for which the input signal must remain stable after the clock edge to ensure correct operation.
Which type of memory loses its content when power is turned off?
A ROM
B Flash Memory
C RAM
D EEPROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and loses its data when the power supply is removed.
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of binary 10111010?
A BA
B A9
C B9
D AB
Group binary digits into two 4-bit segments: 1011=B and 1010=A, resulting in BA.
What is the output of a NOR gate when all inputs are low?
A 0
B 1
C Undefined
D Depends on inputs
A NOR gate outputs 1 only when all inputs are low (0).
What is the simplified form of AB+A′B+AB′?
A A+BA + BA+B
B BBB
C AAA
D ABABAB
By applying the Consensus Theorem and Boolean algebra rules, AB+A′B+AB′ simplifies to A+BA + BA+B.
What does the term “propagation delay” refer to?
A Time to stabilize clock signals
B Time for a signal to travel through a logic gate
C Time to store data in memory
D Time to perform addition
Propagation delay is the time it takes for a change in input to result in a corresponding change in output.
Which type of ROM can be erased using ultraviolet light?
A PROM
B EPROM
C EEPROM
D Flash Memory
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light.
What is the binary equivalent of decimal 45?
A 101101
B 110011
C 110101
D 101011
Decimal 45 is represented in binary as 101101, calculated as 32+8+4+1.
What is the main advantage of using a Karnaugh map?
A Faster circuit execution
B Simplifying Boolean expressions
C Generating clock signals
D Storing binary data
Karnaugh maps visually simplify Boolean expressions, reducing the number of gates required in a digital circuit.
Which Boolean algebra property states A⋅(B+C)=AB+AC?
A Commutative Law
B Associative Law
C Distributive Law
D Absorption Law
The Distributive Law allows distributing a term across terms inside parentheses, such as A⋅(B+C)=AB+AC.
What is the decimal equivalent of binary 100101?
A 39
B 38
C 37
D 36
Binary 100101 equals 32+4+1=37.
What is the primary function of SRAM?
A Store data permanently
B Provide faster access compared to DRAM
C Perform logical operations
D Generate clock pulses
SRAM (Static RAM) is faster than DRAM because it does not need to be refreshed, making it suitable for cache memory.
Which Boolean algebra law states A⋅0=0?
A Identity Law
B Null Law
C Complement Law
D Distributive Law
The Null Law states that any variable ANDed with 0 results in 0: A⋅0=0.
What is the primary function of a Karnaugh map?
A Perform arithmetic operations
B Simplify Boolean expressions
C Amplify signals
D Generate clock signals
Karnaugh maps are used to visually simplify Boolean expressions and reduce the complexity of digital circuits.
What does the term “setup time” mean in digital circuits?
A Time required for propagation delay
B Minimum time input must be stable before a clock edge
C Time required to reset a circuit
D Time to complete a clock cycle
Setup time ensures data stability before the clock edge to allow correct operation of sequential circuits.
What is the binary equivalent of decimal 30?
A 11010
B 11110
C 10110
D 11001
Decimal 30 in binary is 11010, calculated as 16+8+4+2.
Which type of memory is faster but more expensive: DRAM or SRAM?
A DRAM
B SRAM
C Both have the same speed
D Neither is fast
SRAM (Static RAM) is faster and does not require refreshing like DRAM but is more expensive.
What is the purpose of a latch in digital circuits?
A Amplify signals
B Store one bit of data
C Decode binary data
D Simplify logic expressions
A latch is a memory device used to store a single bit of data until it is updated or reset.
What is the simplified Boolean expression for AB+A′B?
A B
B A
C AB
D A+B
Using Boolean algebra, AB+A′B = B(A+A′), and A+A′=1, so the expression simplifies to B.
How many cells are there in a 4-variable Karnaugh map?
A 4
B 8
C 12
D 16
A 4-variable Karnaugh map has 2^4=16 cells, each representing a unique combination of variables.
What is the primary function of RAM?
A Store data permanently
B Store data temporarily for quick access
C Perform arithmetic operations
D Generate clock signals
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory used for temporary storage of data and instructions during program execution.
Which Boolean expression represents a NOR gate?
A A+B
B (A+B)′
C AB
D A′+B
The NOR gate outputs the complement of an OR operation, represented as (A+B)′.
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of binary 11001101?
A CD
B C9
C D3
D CA
Group binary digits into two 4-bit groups: 1100 = C and 1101 = D, resulting in CD.
What is the primary purpose of clock signals in sequential circuits?
A Amplify input signals
B Synchronize circuit operations
C Decode binary data
D Store data permanently
Clock signals provide a timing reference, ensuring synchronized operations in sequential circuits.
What is the simplified Boolean expression for A+AB?
A AB
B A
C B
D A+B
Using the Absorption Law, A+AB = A.
What does the term “propagation delay” refer to?
A Time taken for a signal to travel through a logic gate
B Time required to reset a circuit
C Time to store data in memory
D Time to perform addition
Propagation delay is the time it takes for a change in input to cause a corresponding change in output in a logic gate.
Which type of ROM can be programmed only once?
A EPROM
B EEPROM
C PROM
D Flash Memory
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) can be programmed only once and cannot be altered afterward.
What is the binary equivalent of decimal 60?
A 110110
B 111100
C 100111
D 101100
Decimal 60 in binary is 111100, calculated as 32+16+8+4.
Which Boolean algebra property states A⋅(B+C)=AB+AC?
A Distributive Law
B Identity Law
C Commutative Law
D Associative Law
The Distributive Law allows distributing a term across terms inside parentheses, such as A⋅(B+C)=AB+AC.
What is the decimal equivalent of binary 100101?
A 37
B 36
C 35
D 38
Binary 100101 equals 32+4+1=37 in decimal.
Which type of memory stores frequently accessed data for quick retrieval?
A RAM
B Cache Memory
C ROM
D Flash Memory
Cache memory stores frequently accessed data to improve system performance by providing faster access than main memory.
What is the binary addition of 1011+1001?
A 10100
B 11010
C 10010
D 11100
Perform binary addition step by step:
1011 + 1001 = 10010.