What is the primary source of water in the hydrological cycle?
A Ocean
B Rivers
C Rainfall
D Groundwater
The primary source of water in the hydrological cycle is rainfall, which replenishes surface and groundwater supplies.
Which process in the water cycle involves water changing from a liquid to a gas?
A Evaporation
B Runoff
C Precipitation
D Infiltration
Evaporation is the process where water changes from a liquid to a gas due to heat from the sun.
In which hydrological process does water move from the ground to the atmosphere?
A Infiltration
B Evapotranspiration
C Runoff
D Precipitation
Evapotranspiration is the combined process of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants, moving water from the ground to the atmosphere.
Which instrument is used to measure rainfall?
A Rain gauge
B Barometer
C Thermometer
D Anemometer
A rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rainfall that occurs over a specific period.
What is infiltration in hydrology?
A Water being stored in reservoirs
B Water flowing over land
C Water soaking into the soil
D Water evaporating
Infiltration refers to the process of water soaking into the soil from the surface.
What does the term ‘runoff’ refer to?
A Water stored in underground reservoirs
B Water absorbed by soil
C Water evaporating into the atmosphere
D Water moving across the surface
Runoff is the flow of water across the surface of the earth, typically after precipitation, into rivers, lakes, or oceans.
What does a hydrograph display?
A Rainfall data
B Streamflow over time
C Groundwater levels
D Water quality information
A hydrograph displays the variation of streamflow over time, often in response to precipitation events.
Which of these is a key function of a reservoir?
A Prevent flood
B Provide irrigation
C Store water
D All of the above
Reservoirs are used for storing water, providing irrigation, and flood control among other functions.
Which type of aquifer is confined between impermeable layers of rock?
A Unconfined aquifer
B Perched aquifer
C Confined aquifer
D Recharge aquifer
A confined aquifer is one that is trapped between impermeable layers, restricting water flow.
What is urban hydrology concerned with?
A Water flow in urban areas
B Natural rivers
C Irrigation in cities
D Groundwater flow
Urban hydrology focuses on managing and studying water flow, runoff, and drainage in urban areas.
Which structure is designed to control the flow of water in rivers?
A Dam
B Levee
C Weir
D All of the above
Dams, levees, and weirs are all designed to control or manage the flow of water in rivers.
Which type of hydrological modeling uses statistical methods to predict water behavior?
A Flood forecasting
B Stochastic modeling
C Deterministic modeling
D Climate modeling
Stochastic modeling uses statistical methods to model and predict hydrological processes, accounting for randomness in the system.
What does GIS stand for in hydrology?
A Geographic Information System
B Global Information System
C General Information System
D Groundwater Information System
GIS stands for Geographic Information System, which is used for mapping and analyzing hydrological data.
Which of the following is a method of flood forecasting?
A Groundwater sampling
B Reservoir inflow analysis
C Streamflow measurement
D Evapotranspiration measurement
Streamflow measurement is one of the methods used in flood forecasting to predict flood events based on river discharge.
What does watershed management focus on?
A Irrigation systems
B Water conservation and quality
C River training
D Planting trees
Watershed management focuses on the conservation, protection, and sustainable use of water resources within a watershed area.