Urban hydrology deals with how water behaves in urban areas, focusing on managing stormwater, runoff, and drainage systems to prevent flooding and protect urban infrastructure.
Which hydraulic structure is designed to control the flow of rivers?
A Levee
B Dam
C Reservoir
D Weir
A weir is a hydraulic structure built to control river flow, regulate water levels, and manage sediment transport, which helps prevent flooding and maintain water flow stability.
What is sediment transport in rivers?
A Water evaporation
B Water movement
C Transport of soil particles
D Water filtration
Sediment transport refers to the movement of particles like sand, silt, and clay carried by flowing water. It shapes riverbeds, impacts water quality, and affects ecosystem health.
What is the primary purpose of river training works?
A Increase sedimentation
B Stabilize riverbanks
C Prevent flooding
D Regulate water quality
River training works aim to stabilize riverbanks by using structures like embankments, groynes, and revetments to prevent erosion, control water flow, and reduce flooding in vulnerable areas.
What is the main goal of watershed management?
A Control runoff
B Reduce evaporation
C Conserve water
D Prevent water contamination
Watershed management focuses on controlling and managing runoff within a watershed area by implementing sustainable practices to reduce flooding, prevent soil erosion, and ensure water quality.
What is the primary function of irrigation systems?
A Groundwater recharge
B Water quality
C Supply water to crops
D Evapotranspiration processes
Irrigation systems are designed to supply water to crops, especially in areas where natural rainfall is insufficient, ensuring agricultural productivity and water use efficiency.
How does water harvesting benefit communities?
A Increases soil erosion
B Reduces water runoff
C Increase water evaporation
D Provides alternative water sources
Water harvesting captures and stores rainwater for future use, providing communities with an alternative water source, particularly in areas with unreliable or limited access to conventional water supplies.
What is the purpose of hydrological modeling?
A Estimate flood risk
B Measure rainfall intensity
C Track water quality
D Assess soil permeability
Hydrological modeling is used to estimate flood risks by simulating rainfall, runoff, and streamflow, providing data that helps in flood forecasting and water resource management.
What does GIS in hydrology help with?
A Monitor soil moisture
B Analyze evaporation
C Map water resources
D Measure groundwater levels
GIS in hydrology helps with mapping and analyzing water resources by providing a spatial understanding of hydrological features, land use, and rainfall distribution, supporting water management and planning.
Which of these factors directly influences runoff estimation?
A Vegetation cover
B River depth
C Soil type
D Rainfall intensity
Rainfall intensity directly influences runoff estimation. Higher rainfall intensity often leads to more runoff, as the ground may not absorb all the water, increasing the potential for floods.
What is the primary challenge in urban hydrology?
A Increased water evaporation
B Managing stormwater runoff
C Ensuring water supply
D Increasing groundwater recharge
The primary challenge in urban hydrology is managing stormwater runoff due to impervious surfaces like concrete, which prevent water from infiltrating into the soil, leading to increased flood risks.
What is a key role of hydraulic structures like dams?
A Control sediment movement
B Prevent soil erosion
C Control water flow
D Monitor water quality
Hydraulic structures like dams control water flow by storing and releasing water. This helps in flood management, irrigation, hydropower generation, and providing water for domestic and industrial uses.
Which type of water modeling is used to simulate rainfall-runoff relationships?
A Conceptual models
B Physical models
C Deterministic models
D Stochastic models
Conceptual models are often used to simulate rainfall-runoff relationships. They simplify the real-world processes of water movement and help in flood forecasting and water resource planning.
What does the term “hydrological cycle” describe?
A Water contamination levels
B Water treatment processes
C Water distribution on Earth
D Water transport in rivers
The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, ensuring water circulates through various Earth systems like oceans, rivers, and the atmosphere.
How does climate change affect hydrological systems?
A Alters precipitation patterns
B Reduces rainfall
C Increases water quality
D Increases evaporation rates
Climate change alters precipitation patterns, leading to more intense and frequent storms, prolonged droughts, and changes in seasonal runoff, affecting water availability and flood risk management.