What does a power system’s protection scheme aim to do?
A Load balancing
B Voltage regulation
C Power generation
D Fault isolation
A protection scheme is designed to detect faults (like short circuits) and isolate affected sections of the system. This prevents damage to equipment, maintains system stability, and ensures safety by minimizing faults.
What is the function of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) in a power system?
A Power generation
B Fault detection
C Voltage stabilization
D Frequency control
The AVR is responsible for maintaining a stable output voltage in a power system. It automatically adjusts the excitation of generators to ensure that the voltage remains within the desired limits despite load changes.
What type of transformer is used to reduce voltage for distribution?
A Distribution
B Step-down
C Isolation
D Step-up
A step down transformer reduces the voltage from transmission levels to lower levels suitable for distribution to homes and industries. This ensures the voltage is safe for consumer use and minimizes losses in the system.
What is the main purpose of a distribution transformer?
A Power generation
B Fault detection
C Voltage increase
D Voltage reduction
A distribution transformer is used to reduce the high transmission voltage to a lower, usable level for end users. This is essential for safely distributing electricity to homes, businesses, and industries.
What is meant by ‘reactive power’ in a power system?
A Power used by generators
B Power that does no work
C Energy loss
D Power storage
Reactive power is necessary for maintaining voltage levels in the power system. It does not do any useful work but supports the operation of inductive loads such as motors and transformers by stabilizing voltage.
What does the term “load flow analysis” refer to?
A Power flow calculation
B Voltage regulation
C Energy storage
D Power generation
Load flow analysis is used to calculate the flow of electrical power in a system under steady state conditions. It helps in understanding how power is distributed and assists in optimizing the operation of the system.
What does ‘grid modernization’ aim to improve in a power system?
A System resilience
B Power storage
C Power quality
D Transmission efficiency
Grid modernization aims to enhance the efficiency and reliability of power transmission. This involves integrating advanced technologies like smart grids, automation, and renewable energy sources to improve the overall performance of the grid.
What does the term ‘smart grid’ refer to in a power system?
A Power storage system
B Automated grid management
C Transmission line monitoring
D Manual control
A smart grid uses digital technology to monitor and manage electricity from generation through to consumption. It enables real time communication, efficient power distribution, and integration of renewable energy sources into the grid.
What is the main function of a substation in a power system?
A Power storage
B Load balancing
C Voltage step up or step down
D Power generation
Substations step up or step down the voltage for efficient transmission and safe distribution. They help regulate voltage levels in the grid and protect the system from faults or overloads by incorporating protective devices.
What does ‘demand side management’ focus on in a power system?
A Increasing transmission capacity
B Enhancing system protection
C Reducing energy generation
D Controlling consumer energy use
Demand side management involves strategies to optimize electricity use on the consumer side. This can include encouraging energy efficient practices and reducing consumption during peak demand periods to reduce strain on the grid.
What does the term ‘economic dispatch’ refer to in power generation?
A Voltage regulation
B Power cost reduction
C Load balancing
D Power system stability
Economic dispatch is the process of determining the most cost effective combination of generation units to meet the electricity demand. It aims to minimize fuel costs while meeting the demand and maintaining system stability.
What does a circuit breaker do during a fault?
A Isolate faulty sections
B Store power
C Increase voltage
D Regulate frequency
A circuit breaker automatically detects faults and isolates the affected part of the system to prevent further damage. It ensures the system remains stable and operational while allowing for safe repairs and maintenance.
Which of the following is a primary source of reactive power in power systems?
A Transformers
B Generators
C Inductive loads
D Capacitors
Inductive loads, such as motors and transformers, consume reactive power to establish magnetic fields necessary for their operation. These loads are a primary source of reactive power in a power system.
What does ‘system redundancy’ refer to in power systems?
A Enhanced system stability
B Backup transmission lines
C Multiple power sources
D Increased generation capacity
System redundancy refers to the inclusion of backup components, like extra transmission lines or generators, to ensure that the system remains operational in case of equipment failure. It helps improve system reliability and reduce downtime.
What is the primary function of the SCADA system in power systems?
A System control and monitoring
B Fault detection
C Energy storage management
D Power quality monitoring
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is used for real time monitoring and control of the power system. It helps operators control grid operations, monitor performance, and respond to issues quickly for system stability.