A flat slab eliminates the need for beams, simplifying the construction process and reducing material costs. This design provides a flat ceiling, offers flexible space planning, and reduces the overall height of the building.
Which foundation is most suitable for weak soils?
A Strip foundation
B Slab foundation
C Pile foundation
D Raft foundation
Pile foundations are ideal for weak soils because they transfer the load to deeper, stable soil or rock layers. They are used when the surface soil is not capable of supporting the structure.
What is the purpose of structural retrofitting?
A Resist moisture
B Increase space
C Aesthetic enhancement
D Improve strength
Structural retrofitting involves strengthening existing structures to improve their load-bearing capacity, safety, and durability. This is often necessary when structures are exposed to higher loads or seismic forces than originally designed.
What is a common use of water tanks in reinforced concrete?
A Store water
B Resist forces
C Prevent cracking
D Support loads
Water tanks made from reinforced concrete are used for storing water for various purposes like domestic, industrial, and firefighting needs. They must be durable, leak-resistant, and capable of withstanding water pressure.
Which code of practice is commonly used in reinforced concrete design?
A IS 1893
B IS 456
C IS 1343
D IS 800
IS 456 is the Indian Standard code of practice for the design and construction of reinforced concrete structures. It provides guidelines on materials, structural elements, and detailing to ensure safety, durability, and reliability.
What does the term “creep” in concrete affect?
A Strength
B Durability
C Deflection
D Cracking
Creep refers to the slow, time-dependent deformation of concrete under constant stress. It mainly affects deflection, leading to increased sagging or bending in structures like beams or slabs over time.
What is the main advantage of using a deep beam?
A Increases strength
B Transfers shear forces
C Reduces weight
D Resists bending
Deep beams are designed to transfer large shear forces, particularly in situations where the span-to-depth ratio is small. They are often used in tall buildings and bridges, where shear stress needs to be efficiently managed.
What is the purpose of reinforcement detailing in concrete design?
A Increase strength
B Ensure durability
C Specify reinforcement placement
D Calculate concrete volume
Reinforcement detailing involves defining the size, spacing, and layout of reinforcement bars. Proper detailing ensures that the reinforcement performs its role in carrying loads, preventing failure, and ensuring the safety and stability of the structure.
What is a typical concrete grade used for pavements?
A M20
B M30
C M25
D M15
M20 grade concrete, with a compressive strength of 20 MPa, is commonly used for pavements. It provides the right balance of strength, durability, and cost for light to moderate traffic areas such as roads and walkways.
Which type of slab transfers loads in two directions?
A Cantilever slab
B Two-way slab
C Flat slab
D One-way slab
A two-way slab is supported on all four sides and transfers loads in both directions. This design is used for more balanced load distribution and is typically employed in buildings where the length-to-width ratio is close to 1.
What is a pile cap used for in foundation systems?
A Reduce cost
B Transfer load
C Connect piles
D Improve drainage
A pile cap is a thick concrete slab that connects multiple piles. It distributes the load from the superstructure to the piles beneath, ensuring uniform load transfer and providing stability to the entire foundation system.
What does the water-cement ratio in concrete affect?
A Strength
B Durability
C Workability
D All of the above
The water-cement ratio directly affects the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. A lower ratio improves strength and durability, while a higher ratio increases workability but reduces overall strength and long-term performance.
What is a major benefit of using reinforced concrete for foundations?
A Quick construction
B High tensile strength
C Low weight
D Long lifespan
Reinforced concrete is used for foundations because it combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel reinforcement. This makes it highly effective in handling both compression and tension, especially in load-bearing structures.
What does a “flat slab” eliminate in building construction?
A Beams
B Walls
C Columns
D Load transfer
A flat slab eliminates the need for beams in construction, simplifying the design and construction process. It allows for better headroom, quicker construction, and more flexibility in floor planning while maintaining structural integrity.
What is the main cause of punching shear failure in slabs?
A Excessive deflection
B Concentrated loads
C Lack of reinforcement
D Bending moments
Punching shear failure occurs when concentrated loads, such as those from columns, create high shear stresses around the load area in slabs. Proper design and shear reinforcement are essential to prevent this type of failure.