What is stress in materials?
A Force per unit area
B Energy per unit volume
C Temperature change
D Force per unit length
What is the primary cause of plastic deformation?
A Excessive strain
B High temperature
C Excessive stress beyond yield point
D Low temperature
What does Hooke’s Law relate?
A Stress and deformation
B Stress and strain in the elastic limit
C Strain and temperature
D Stress and energy
What is the effect of shear stress?
A Twisting and sliding of layers
B Compression of the material
C Elongation of the material
D Expansion of the material
What does the modulus of elasticity measure?
A Ability to absorb energy
B Resistance to deformation under stress
C Strength of material
D Ability to resist fracture
What is thermal stress?
A Stress due to deformation
B Stress due to pressure
C Stress caused by force
D Stress due to temperature change
What is Poisson’s ratio?
A Ratio of lateral strain to axial strain
B Ratio of deformation to temperature
C Ratio of stress to strain
D Ratio of force to area
What does the stress-strain curve show?
A Force distribution in a material
B Stress at failure
C Relationship between stress and strain
D Material’s thermal response
What happens at the yield point of a material?
A Material experiences permanent deformation
B Material deforms elastically
C Material fractures
D Material absorbs energy
What is buckling in columns?
A Lateral deformation under compressive load
B Deformation due to shear stress
C Permanent elongation under tensile load
D Fracture under compressive load
What causes fatigue failure in materials?
A Cyclic loading over time
B Static loads
C High temperature
D Constant deformation
What is the primary factor in determining the deflection of a beam?
A Beam’s thickness
B Beam’s material hardness
C Beam’s length
D Beam’s length and load applied
What happens during creep?
A Quick recovery after stress removal
B Instantaneous deformation under high temperature
C Slow deformation over time under constant stress
D Sudden fracture of material
What is plasticity in materials?
A Ability to undergo permanent deformation without failure
B Ability to absorb energy without fracturing
C Ability to resist bending
D Ability to return to the original shape
What does shear force in a beam indicate?
A Internal resistance to shear stress
B Force acting in the direction of the beam’s length
C Internal resistance to bending
D Load distribution along the beam