What is stress?
A Energy per area
B Force per area
C Force per unit length
D Strain per unit length
What does the modulus of elasticity represent?
A Material’s toughness
B Material’s ductility
C Material’s strength
D Material’s stiffness
What is the characteristic of a ductile material?
A Breaks without deformation
B Exhibits high toughness
C Shows large plastic deformation before failure
D Does not deform easily
What is Poisson’s ratio?
A Ratio of lateral strain to axial strain
B Stress ratio
C Ratio of axial strain to lateral strain
D Ratio of energy to force
What is a common cause of shear stress?
A Axial force
B Torque
C Pressure change
D Temperature change
What does the term “bending moment” refer to in beam analysis?
A Axial force distribution
B Internal reaction to shear force
C Moment causing bending in a beam
D External applied load
What is thermal stress caused by?
A Changes in temperature
B Pressure variations
C Mechanical forces
D Material fatigue
What does the term “creep” refer to?
A Sudden fracture under stress
B Strain due to temperature
C Deformation due to bending
D Slow deformation under constant stress
What does a stress-strain curve show?
A Relationship between stress and energy
B Material’s resistance to fatigue
C Relationship between stress and strain
D Relationship between force and temperature
What is a primary feature of brittle materials?
A High plasticity
B Low toughness
C High ductility
D High toughness
What does axial loading affect in a material?
A Compressive or tensile stress
B Lateral deformation
C Shear deformation
D Rotational stress
What type of force is generated in a beam due to external loads?
A Torsional force
B Compressive force
C Rotational force
D Shear force
Which material property describes the resistance to indentation?
A Ductility
B Toughness
C Hardness
D Elasticity
What is buckling in columns caused by?
A Torsional stress
B Excessive compression
C Shear force
D Excessive tension
What is the main cause of fatigue failure?
A Cyclic loading
B Static loads
C Constant stress
D Excessive temperature