What does setup time refer to in digital circuits?
A Clock signal time
B Time for data storage
C Time for data propagation
D Time for data to stabilize before a clock edge
Setup time is the minimum time before the clock edge when input data must remain stable for proper data capture in flip‐flops. It ensures that the data is correctly latched into the system without errors.
What does hold time refer to in digital systems?
A Time before the clock edge
B Time after the clock edge for data stability
C Time for data to reach output
D Time for signal propagation
Hold time is the minimum period after the clock edge during which input data must remain unchanged to ensure it is correctly captured by a flip‐flop or register. Violating hold time can result in incorrect data storage.
What is the role of a latch in digital circuits?
A Shift data
B Store data
C Perform arithmetic operations
D Count pulses
A latch is a basic memory element that stores a single bit of data. Unlike flip‐flops, latches are level–sensitive and can change their state whenever the enable signal is active, making them useful for temporary data storage.
Which of the following is a volatile memory device?
A ROM
B EEPROM
C RAM
D Flash
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, meaning it loses its stored data when the power is turned off. It is used for temporary data storage during computation in digital systems.
Which type of memory retains data even when power is off?
A Flash
B ROM
C Cache
D RAM
ROM (Read–Only Memory) is non–volatile, meaning it retains its data even when power is lost. It is used to store permanent instructions such as firmware in digital devices.
What is the primary function of a flip–flop in a digital system?
A Increment a counter
B Perform logical operations
C Shift data
D Store a bit of data
A flip–flop is a bistable device that stores one bit of binary data. It changes its state in response to clock signals and is used in memory devices and sequential logic circuits.
What is the effect of violating setup or hold time in a flip–flop?
A Output becomes unpredictable
B No impact
C Clock signal is ignored
D Data is stored correctly
Violating setup or hold time causes incorrect data storage in flip–flops. If data changes too early or too late, the flip–flop may not latch the data properly, leading to unpredictable outputs and potential errors.
What is a memory device that can be both read and written to?
A ROM
B RAM
C Cache
D Flash
RAM (Random Access Memory) is read–write memory that allows both reading and writing of data. It is used for temporary data storage while a system is operating, providing fast access to frequently used data.
Which type of flip–flop has an input and stores one bit of data based on the clock signal?
A T flip–flop
B SR flip–flop
C JK flip–flop
D D flip–flop
A D flip–flop (Data flip–flop) stores a single bit of data, with its input directly controlling the output. The data is latched on the rising or falling edge of the clock signal, ensuring synchronized data storage.
What is a characteristic of a sequential circuit?
A Is faster than combinational circuits
B Output depends on current inputs only
C Has memory
D Does not require clock signals
Sequential circuits have memory elements, meaning their output depends on both the current inputs and the previous states. These circuits are used for memory storage and timing purposes in digital systems.
Which of the following is used to store data temporarily in digital systems?
A Decoder
B RAM
C ROM
D Adder
RAM (Random Access Memory) is used to store data temporarily in digital systems. It is volatile, meaning data is lost when power is turned off. It is crucial for active processes in computers and other digital systems.
What is a primary advantage of using latches in digital circuits?
A Store data without a clock signal
B Shift data
C Perform arithmetic functions
D Store multiple bits of data
Latches are level–triggered devices that can store data without requiring a clock signal. They are useful in applications where data needs to be stored as long as the enable signal is active, such as in temporary storage.
What type of memory is EEPROM?
A Writable
B Volatile
C Read–only
D Non–volatile
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read–Only Memory) is non–volatile memory, meaning it retains data even when power is lost. It can be electrically erased and reprogrammed, making it useful for storing configuration data.
What is the main disadvantage of using RAM in digital systems?
A High power consumption
B Slower access
C Volatility
D Non–volatility
The main disadvantage of RAM is its volatility. When power is turned off, the data stored in RAM is lost, making it unsuitable for storing long–term data or configurations in digital systems.
Which of the following is a memory element that can store one bit of data?
A Flip–flop
B Counter
C Register
D Adder
A flip–flop is a basic memory element that stores one bit of binary data. It can be used in sequential circuits to maintain state information and is essential for data storage and synchronization in digital electronics.