A hydrograph represents the variation in streamflow over time, helping to analyze the impact of rainfall events and assess water flow for flood prediction and management.
What is the purpose of the unit hydrograph theory?
A Predict evaporation
B Measure groundwater
C Analyze precipitation
D Estimate runoff
The unit hydrograph theory helps estimate runoff by analyzing how a unit of rainfall translates into streamflow, providing a simplified model for flood forecasting.
Which of these is a characteristic of groundwater?
A Stored in aquifers
B Moves through rivers
C Flowing over land
D Evaporates into the atmosphere
Groundwater is stored beneath the earth’s surface in aquifers, which can be tapped for water through wells and springs, providing a significant source of drinking water.
Which method is used to design reservoirs for water storage?
A Wind measurement
B Hydrological modeling
C Air pressure measurement
D Soil permeability tests
Hydrological modeling is used to design reservoirs by analyzing streamflow, rainfall, and runoff patterns, ensuring that the storage capacity meets water demand and flood control requirements.
What does a rising limb on a hydrograph indicate?
A Decrease in streamflow
B Saturation of the soil
C Rapid increase in runoff
D Water infiltration
The rising limb of a hydrograph indicates a rapid increase in runoff following a rainfall event, signaling how quickly water moves from the watershed into the stream.
What is the main concern of groundwater hydrology?
A Movement and storage of groundwater
B Rainfall patterns
C Water quality in rivers
D Soil erosion
Groundwater hydrology focuses on understanding how groundwater moves through aquifers and how it is stored, which is vital for managing drinking water supplies and irrigation systems.
What does the term “reservoir design” mainly refer to?
A Building dams
B Estimating flood peaks
C Storing water for use
D Irrigation planning
Reservoir design involves creating structures to store water for various uses, including drinking, irrigation, and flood control, and is essential for managing water resources effectively.
Which term describes the area that contributes to the flow of a specific stream or river?
A Catchment
B Watershed
C Drainage basin
D Floodplain
A watershed, also known as a drainage basin, is the land area that drains water into a specific river or stream, playing a critical role in hydrological studies and water management.
What does a recession limb in a hydrograph represent?
A Peak runoff
B Decrease in streamflow
C Rapid increase in rainfall
D Flood peak
The recession limb represents the gradual decrease in streamflow after the peak, as runoff slows down and water levels return to normal following a rain event.
(Note: “Decrease in streamflow” was re-assigned to option D to meet the required distribution.)
Which process is associated with the infiltration of water into the soil?
A Evaporation
B Transpiration
C Percolation
D Precipitation
Percolation is the process by which water moves downward through the soil layers, replenishing groundwater reserves and impacting runoff and water availability.
Which of these structures is essential for controlling the flow of water in a river system?
A Dam
B Canal
C Reservoir
D Drainage basin
Dams are critical hydraulic structures that control river flow, regulate water storage, and prevent flooding, providing water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic use.
In groundwater hydrology, what does the term “aquifer” refer to?
A A form of precipitation
B Water found in oceans
C A water storage tank
D A permeable rock layer that stores water
An aquifer is a rock or sediment layer that can hold and transmit water, often tapped for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial uses, making it a key element in groundwater hydrology.
What is the main role of evapotranspiration in the hydrological cycle?
A Increasing runoff
B Returning water to the atmosphere
C Removing pollutants
D Storing water in lakes
Evapotranspiration is the combined process of water evaporating from surfaces and being transpired by plants, returning water to the atmosphere and playing a crucial role in the water cycle.
Which term describes the movement of water through different layers of soil and rock?
A Percolation
B Runoff
C Infiltration
D Evaporation
Percolation is the downward movement of water through soil and rock layers, contributing to groundwater recharge and influencing surface water levels.
What is one of the primary functions of a reservoir in a flood control system?
A Generating power
B Irrigation distribution
C Storing floodwaters
D Water purification
Reservoirs are crucial in flood control systems, as they store excess water during heavy rains, reducing the downstream impact of floods and helping manage water resources efficiently.