What is the primary factor that influences fluid pressure in a static system?
A Fluid temperature
B Fluid density
C Fluid volume
D Fluid velocity
In a static fluid, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above. This pressure is proportional to the fluid density and the height of the fluid column.
What is a streamline in fluid flow?
A Path of a particle
B Fluid pressure
C Fluid temperature
D Fluid velocity
A streamline is the path followed by a fluid particle in steady flow. The velocity of the fluid at every point on the streamline is tangent to it, showing the direction of flow without mixing.
What happens to the velocity profile of a fluid in a pipe as the flow becomes more turbulent?
A Becomes parabolic
B Becomes steady
C Becomes flat
D Becomes irregular
In turbulent flow, the velocity profile becomes irregular due to chaotic fluid motion. The flow exhibits fluctuations in velocity at various points across the pipe’s cross‐section, unlike the smooth profile seen in laminar flow.
What is the effect of increasing pipe roughness on fluid flow?
A Decreases velocity
B No effect
C Increases turbulence
D Increases pressure
Increasing pipe roughness disrupts smooth flow, leading to higher turbulence. This results in greater energy losses due to friction, which increases the pressure drop across the system and reduces flow efficiency.
What does fluid statics study?
A Fluid behavior at rest
B Fluid motion
C Forces on fluids
D Fluid temperature change
Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest, focusing on the forces and pressures exerted by static fluids. It involves understanding concepts such as hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and the stability of fluid columns.
What is the main characteristic of a vortex in fluid flow?
A Constant pressure
B Irregular motion
C Rotational movement
D Smooth flow
A vortex is a region in a fluid where the flow is rotational. In this region, the fluid particles move in circular paths around a central axis, which creates a swirling or spiral motion typical in turbulent flow.
How does the velocity profile in laminar flow differ from that in turbulent flow?
A It is exponential
B It is parabolic
C It is uniform
D It is irregular
In laminar flow, the velocity profile is parabolic, with maximum velocity at the center and decreasing toward the walls due to friction. In contrast, turbulent flow has a more irregular velocity distribution.
What causes the formation of vortices in fluid flow?
A Low viscosity
B High velocity
C Fluid compression
D Changes in direction
Vortices form when a fluid experiences sudden changes in direction or velocity. These changes cause fluid particles to rotate, forming a swirling motion that leads to eddies and turbulence in the flow.
What is the main advantage of using streamlines to visualize fluid flow?
A Predict fluid speed
B Determine pressure points
C Show flow direction
D Measure flow rate
Streamlines are used to visualize the direction of flow in a fluid system. They help show how fluid particles move over time and provide insight into the flow patterns and behavior of the fluid.
What type of flow occurs when the velocity of fluid changes over time at a point?
A Steady flow
B Unsteady flow
C Laminar flow
D Turbulent flow
Unsteady flow occurs when the velocity of the fluid at any point changes over time. In contrast, steady flow maintains a constant velocity at each point, regardless of time.
In fluid mechanics, what does the term “velocity profile” refer to?
A Distribution of velocity across a cross-section
B Fluid’s pressure at a point
C Fluid’s resistance to flow
D Direction of fluid flow
The velocity profile describes how the velocity of the fluid varies across the pipe’s cross-section. In laminar flow, the profile is parabolic, while in turbulent flow, the profile becomes irregular and more uniform at the center.
What is the key assumption of Bernoulli’s equation in fluid flow?
A Flow is unsteady
B Viscosity is high
C Fluid is incompressible and steady
D Fluid is compressible
Bernoulli’s equation assumes that the fluid is incompressible, steady, and there are no friction losses (i.e., non-viscous). It represents the conservation of energy for an incompressible, steady-flowing fluid.
How does an increase in fluid temperature generally affect its viscosity?
A Increases viscosity
B No effect
C Varies with pressure
D Decreases viscosity
For most fluids, increasing the temperature decreases viscosity. The increase in temperature gives the fluid molecules more kinetic energy, which reduces the internal resistance to flow, allowing the fluid to flow more easily.
What is the role of a venturi tube in flow measurement?
A Measure flow rate
B Measure pressure
C Measure velocity
D Measure temperature
A Venturi tube is used to measure the flow rate of a fluid. The fluid flows through a constriction in the tube, causing a pressure drop. By measuring the pressure difference, the flow rate can be calculated using Bernoulli’s equation.
What does the term “fluid statics” focus on in fluid mechanics?
A Motion of fluids
B Pressure changes in fluids
C Forces on fluids at rest
D Energy conversion in fluids
Fluid statics focuses on understanding the behavior of fluids at rest. It includes the study of forces exerted by the fluid on surfaces and the pressure variations within a static fluid, such as hydrostatic pressure.