Which steel grade is commonly used for general structural purposes?
A Grade 50
B Grade 40
C Grade 60
D Grade 30
Grade 40 is commonly used for general structural purposes. It has a yield strength of 40,000 psi, which is sufficient for typical building structures like bridges and low‐rise buildings.
What type of connection is used to join steel parts using bolts?
A Screwed
B Welded
C Bolted
D Riveted
Bolted connections are widely used in steel structures due to their simplicity and ability to be assembled and disassembled quickly. They provide strong and reliable connections, especially in large‐scale constructions.
What is the primary purpose of a plate girder?
A Span long distances
B Resist torsion
C Provide lateral support
D Support roof loads
Plate girders are designed to span long distances and are made by welding or bolting steel plates. They are used in bridges and large industrial buildings where long spans are required.
What is a key feature of cold-formed steel sections?
A They are heavy
B They are easily bent at high temperatures
C They are mainly used for high-load applications
D They are lightweight and easy to fabricate
Cold-formed steel sections are manufactured by bending thin steel sheets at room temperature, making them lightweight and easy to fabricate. They are ideal for applications like purlins, studs, and other structural elements.
What type of stress is a tension member in steel structures primarily designed to resist?
A Bending stress
B Tensile stress
C Torsional stress
D Compressive stress
Tension members are designed to resist tensile (pulling) stress. They include elements like cables and rods that help transfer loads, especially in structures like bridges and trusses.
Which type of buckling occurs in a column when it fails due to compressive force?
A Flexural buckling
B Lateral torsional buckling
C Local buckling
D Torsional buckling
Flexural buckling occurs when a column is subjected to compressive forces and deforms laterally. This type of buckling leads to the failure of the member when the applied load exceeds its critical capacity.
What is the purpose of fireproofing in steel structures?
A Increase ductility
B Prevent corrosion
C Improve fire resistance
D Enhance load-bearing capacity
Fireproofing is applied to steel to protect it from high temperatures, which can reduce its strength. Materials like fire-resistant coatings or concrete encasements are commonly used to provide this protection.
What is the function of a gusset plate in a steel frame?
A Prevent buckling
B Provide load support
C Distribute shear forces
D Connect beams and columns
Gusset plates are used to connect beams and columns in steel frames. They provide stability and allow the structure to transfer loads efficiently from one member to another.
What does the term “limit state design” refer to in steel design?
A Design for ease of fabrication
B Design to prevent failure due to extreme conditions
C Design based on material strength
D Design for aesthetics
Limit state design ensures that a structure can withstand extreme conditions like overload or deformation while preventing failure. It considers both ultimate strength and serviceability criteria in the design process.
What type of steel structure is most commonly used in high-rise buildings?
A Wooden beams
B Trusses
C Steel frames
D Cable structures
Steel frames are most commonly used in high-rise buildings due to their strength, flexibility, and ability to resist vertical and lateral loads. These frames provide the necessary support for multi-story structures.
What is a common cause of lateral torsional buckling in steel beams?
A Excessive bending
B Axial compression
C Extreme shear forces
D Insufficient support
Lateral torsional buckling occurs when a beam subjected to bending moments twists and bends laterally. This is typically seen in long, slender beams under high bending stresses and insufficient lateral support.
What is the advantage of using composite steel and concrete structures?
A Higher weight
B Reduced flexibility
C Increased material costs
D Increased strength and stiffness
Composite structures combine steel and concrete to utilize the strengths of both materials. Steel provides tensile strength while concrete offers compressive strength, resulting in a more efficient and stronger structure.
Which of the following is used to prevent corrosion in steel structures?
A Insulation
B Welding
C Galvanizing
D Tensioning
Galvanizing involves coating steel with a layer of zinc, which acts as a sacrificial material to protect the steel from corrosion. This process extends the lifespan of steel structures exposed to the environment.
What is the primary function of a tie rod in a steel truss?
A Resist tensile forces
B Provide lateral stability
C Support vertical loads
D Resist compression
Tie rods in steel trusses resist tensile forces. They help maintain structural stability by transferring the tensile load across the truss, particularly in bridges and other large-span structures.
Which of the following is a characteristic of prestressed steel?
A Easily weldable
B High tensile strength
C Low ductility
D Low cost
Prestressed steel is designed to carry higher tensile loads. By pre-stressing the material, it can resist the forces that would otherwise cause cracking, making it ideal for beams and bridge components that bear heavy loads.